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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. I am trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original and snapped by me. The information are gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Creepers available @ floraofbangladesh.com

01. Har-jora lota, Cissus quadrangularis

02. Ulot-chondal, Gloriosa superba
03. Telakucha, Coccinia grandis
04. Kaakrol, Momordica dioica
05. Guloncho, Guroncho, Tinospora cordifolia
06. Onontolota, antogonon Leptopus
07. Blue morning glory, Ipomoea nil
08. Amla lota, fox grape, Cayratia trifolia
09. Hongsho lota, Calico flower, Aristolochia littoralis

10. Nil bonolota, Bengal trumpet, Thunbergia grandiflora
11. Lota futki, Balloon plant, Cardiospermum halicacabum
12. Modu-monjori, Rangoon creeper, Combretum indicum
13. Oporajita, Butterfly pea, Clitoria ternatea
14. Trumpet vine, Campsis grandiflora
15. Easter Lily Vine, Beaumontia grandiflora
16. Asam lota, Rabon lota, Mikania micrantha
17. Monkey's brush, Combretum rotundifolium

18. Ashari-lota or Asaria, Capparis zeylanica

19. Roti or Jequirity Abrus precatorius

20. Shornolota or Dodder, Cruscuta reflexa
21. Roshundi-lota or Garlic vine, Manosa alliacea

22. Madhobi-lota or Madhabi, Hiptage benghalensis

23. Aknadi or Snake vine, Stephania japonica

24. Shotomuli or Shatawari, Asparagus racemosus

25. Bhui dumur, Ficus heterophylla var. assamica

26. Pipul or Long piper, Piper longum

27. Maloti or Malati, Aganosma dichotoma

28. Hapormali or Bread flower, Vallaris solanacea

29. Chotro-pushpo or lady's umbrella, Holmskioldia sanguinea

30. Amkurchi or Kali lota, Derris scandens

31. Congea or Wooly congea, Congea tomentosa

32. Modhunasini or Gurmar, Gymnema sylvestre

33. Makal or Mahakal, Trichosanthes tricuspidata

34. Isshormul or Indian Birthwort, Aristolochia indica

35. Alkushi or Cowitch, Mucana pruriens

36. Gondhovadulia or Skunkvine, Paederia foetida

37. Onguli lota or Tiger's footprint, Ipomoea pes-tigridis

38. Kaladana or Ivy Woodrose, Merremia hederacea

39. Khudey ghonti or Littlebell, Ipomoea triloba

40. Batilota or Climbing aroid, Pothos scandens

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Shimul or Red silk-cotton, Bombax ceiba

Shimul or Red silk-cotton ( Bombax ceiba , family: Malvaceae) is one of the most common trees that found in Bangladesh. This deciduous straight tall tree with thorny trunk and spreading crown is also found in tropical regions of Asia. In Bangladesh, the tree is planted in parks and on highways and beside national monuments for its gorgeous fire-red flowers. It can reach a height up to 60 m. Common names: Shimul, Red silk-cotton, Red cotton tree. Leaves are large, spreading, glabrous, digitate, leaflets lanceolate, entire, 10-15 cm long; petiole is up to 20 cm long. It blooms in spring (March-April). Flowers red, numerous, appearing when the tree is bare of leaves, stamens numerous arranged in five outer bundles and one middle bundle. Fruit capsules, woody valves. 10-13 cm in length. Seeds smooth, black or grey embedded in long white wool. Oh! the flame of the forest! Young plant is used in dysentery, cough, plethor...

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Mohammad Ali: Dhaka, DSCC, Bangladesh

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed ( Tinospora cordifolia , family: Menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia. Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho. Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide. Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3. Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human. ...

Makal or Mahakal, Trichosanthes tricuspidata

Makal or Mahakal ( Trichosanthes tricuspidata , family: Cucurbitaceae) is a woody climber with tendril and branches, attaining a height of 10-12 m. The multiangular-branched plant climbs up very far by holding any tree in the forest. It is found in the hilly areas as well as plain forests and village thickets in Bangladesh. It is also found in Indian subcontinent, Australia and some countries of South and Southeast Asia. According to ancient Sanskrit scriptures the other names of the plant are Bishala, Mohendro-baruni. In the Himalayas it has been seen at an altitude of 5000 feet. There are many refferences to the fruit in Bangla and Sanskrit literature. Someone is very nice to look at but he/she is useless--writers usually jokingly give examples of this fruit. Its roots and attractive fruits are packed with medicinal properties. The size and shape of leaves may vary. These are multilobed or trilobed, alternate, rough in both sides, 5-12 cm long,...

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna ( Hygrophila auriculata , family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The spiny plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as the Indian subcontinent. Other names: Kulekkha, Kuiley-rekha, Kanta kalika, Shoolmordon. Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction. Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter. Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic). The body of the plant contains alkaloids, phytosterols, stigmasterol, lupeol and essential oils. Its seeds contain oil, enzymes and sterols. The plant is cooling and diuretic...