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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plant

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Aquatic plants that available on floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (tinospora cordifolia, family: menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Jarul, Pride of India, lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul orPride of India (lagerstroemia speciosa, family: lythraceae) is a deciduous tree native to South and Southeast Asia. The species name 'speciosa' derives from its very attractive purple-colored showy flowers. By the by, the Latin word speciosa means beautiful.

Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Telakucha, Ivy gourd, coccinia grandis

Telakucha or Ivy gourd (coccinia grandis, family: cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.

Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd.

Ashphol or Longan tree, dimocarpus longan

Ashphol or Longan tree (dimocarpus longan) is a medium-sized (10-15 m) evergreen tree from Litchi family. Bark is blackish grey. Its fruit is known as Kath-lichu in Bangla, because it has a similarity with litchi.

Leaflets green, 2-5 pairs, elliptical, ovate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the end, glabrous above, Veins and midribs are clearly visible, 7-10 cm long and 3-5 cm wide.

Flowers are small, petals 5, yellowish white as Litchi's flower, soft and round, borne on terminal panicle. Male and hermaphrodite flowers can be seen in the same panicle. Flowers occur in February-Mach.

Fruit is round, brown and reddish yellow, containing one seed each like Litchi. Fruit-flesh is juicy and almost sweet as Litchi, but not thick as that. Fruits ripen in May-June.

The plant is propagated by seed and air layering. Fruits are edible and popular among the children of Bangladesh. Original home of the plant is Malay. It is found in hilly areas of Chittagong of the country.

Fruit and its s…

Furush, Crape myrtle, lagerstroemia indica

Furush or Crape myrtle (lagerstroemia indica, family: lythraceae) is a small deciduous tree or large shrub with hard branches from the family of Jarul attaining a height of 3-6 m. The bark is smooth, pinkish-grey and spotted, moulting each year. This beautiful flowering plant is very popular as a road-island tree in Bangladesh.

Common names: Furush, Crape myrtle, Crepe Myrtle, Crepeflower.

Flowers, on different trees, are white, pink, light pink, mauve, purple, in panicles up to 9 cm. It gives flower from late summer to rainy season.

Leaves shed each winter; new leaves grow early in the spring. Leaves are smooth-edged, circular or oval-shaped, and dark green.

The bark, flower and leaf of lagerstroemia indica are used in different treatments.

It is pretty popular in the world as a garden flower.

Young plants grow fairly quickly and will often flower in their first year after planting out. Propagation of this magnificent shrub is caused by cuttings.

Karipata, Curry tree, Murraya koenigii

Karipata, or Curry tree (murraya koenigii, family: rutaceae) is a shrub-like small tree with canopy. Bark is grey. The strong odorous tree can be seen to be 10-15 feet high. It is found everywhere in the Indian subcontinent.

Other names : Choto Kamini, Mitha Neem, Shurovi Neem, Borshunga.

It is a beautiful leafy tree. Scented leaves are cooked with fish to give a flavour to curry. In Bangladesh the woody tree is usually planted in gardens. If regular pruning it can be quite lovely. Toothed and alternate leaves are compound. Leaflets 11-25 in one foot long rachis, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4 cm long. Flowers are white, scented, clustered on terminal cyme; Petal 5, stamens 5.

Aromatic oil is made from its leaves. It is stimulant, energizing. Flower and root are used in blood dysentery, nausea and fever. It is originated in India and Myanmar. Wood is used to make agricultural equipments.

Fruit is oval. Immature one is green, ripe one purplish black.

Shonalu, Golden shower tree, cassia fistula

Shonalu or Golden shower tree (cassia fistula, family: fabaceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree attaining a height of 8-10 m. This fast growing tree is native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Shonail, Shonalu, Bandor-lathi, Flame of the forest, Golden shower tree.

Bon tamak, Wild tobacco, nicotiana plumbaginifolia

Bon tamak or Wild tobacco (nicotiana plumbaginifolia, family: solanaceae) is an erect herb with branches attaining a height of 60-70 cm. There are many branches below rather than the top.

Leaves look like tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) but smaller than that. Leaves are green in color, ovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 25-30 cm long, hairy, viscose.

Flowers are white with light pink shade, corolla tubular, sepals 5, petals 5. Flower grows as single from leaf axil. Flower blooms round the year. The fruits are covered with 10 permanent veins. Seeds are small, black in color, upper part wrinkled.

The hairy perennial plant is a medicinal one. Leaf, stem and seed are used in allergy, phlegm, asthma, rheumatism, worm and louse infection and eye disease.

They grows here and there, specially in sugarcane, corn and sesame fields and on the village street as weed in Bangladesh.

Harjora lota, Veld grape, Cissus quadrangularis

Harjora lota or Veld grape (cissus quadrangularis, family: vitaceae) is a deciduous perennial climber with smooth, stout, succulent, quadrangular stems. It has simple tendrils. It is native to Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. It is also found in Africa, Arabia, and Southeast Asia. It has been introduced to Americas.

Dhutra, Thorn apple, datura metel

Dhutra or Thorn apple (datura metel, family: solanaceae) is an an erect and stout herb with branches, attaining a height 1-1.5 m. The stem is hollow, green with strong odor. It is native to Bangladesh as well as Indian sub-continent, East African area and some Oceanic islands. In Bangladesh it grows everywhere and planted as an ornamental plant.

Leaves are simple, alternate, ovate, glabrous, 7-15 cm long and 5 cm wide, apex acute. Petiole 5-7 cm long. Fragrant flowers are solitary, single or double, large, greenish-white, funnel-shaped, bisexual, sepals 5, petals 5. Flower blooms mainly in summer.

Fruit is globose, pale green and spiny. The plant is propagated by seeds.

Common names: Dhatura, Dhutra, Thorn apple, Devil's trumpet, Cornucopia.

For thousands of years the poisonous herb has been used as an Ayurvedic medicinal plant. The flower and fruit contains many stimulating substances. Medicines made from it are used to cure neural and nervous diseases.

A variety of datura metel …