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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plants available @ floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant
11. Shaluk or Blue water lily, nymphaea nouchali
12. Chondromala or Crested floating-heart, Nymphoides cristatum
13. Maloncho or Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides
14. Shitolpati or Murta, Schumannianthus dichotomus
15. Panikola or Duck lettuce, Ottelia alismoides
16. Nolkhagra or Giant cane, Arundo donax
17. Jhanjhi or Water thyme, Hydrilla verticillata
18. Hogla or Southern cattail, Typha domingensis
19. Binna-ghash or Vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides
20. Topapana or Water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes
21. Shushni or Four leaf clover, Marsilea quadrifolia

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (Tinospora cordifolia, family: Menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

What an extensive climber!
Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Chatim, Devil's tree, Alstonia scholaris

Chatim or Devil's tree (Alstonia scholaris, family: Apocynaceae) is a much branched tall tree. The evergreen tree gets a height of 15-20 m. Its trunk is dark grey, slightly rough. The good looking tree is found in South and Southeast Asia.
Flowers are greenish white, occurs in a large cluster, extreme scented. For this its presence is felt from afar at night. This is one of the main features of the tree.

Leaves are narrow, obovate, 10-18 cm long and 4-5 cm wide; shiny above, pale beneath. Leaf breaks if you fold. The canopy spreads like an umbrella. Wood is white and soft. Leaves, branch, trunk─overall whole tree contains milky latex. In Sanskrit, it is called Shopto-porni (seven-leaved tree). Though a rachis holds 4-7 plates usually, sometimes 8.

It blooms in late Autumn (Sep-Oct).

Fruits are light green, slender, cylindrical, 20-50 cm long. Ripe fruits burst. They remain on tree like this for a long time. Its propagation is caused by seeds.
Its wood is useful to make pencil, match…

Kath-badam, Bengal almond, Terminalia catappa

Kaat-badam or Bengal almond (Terminalia catappa, family: Combretaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading horizontal branches. It is found in the tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

Common names: Katbadam, Deshi badam, Bengal almond, Indian almond, Tropical almond.

During winter the beautiful green leaves of terminalia catappa turn to red.

Leaves are simple, 15-25 cm long and 8-15 cm wide, obcordate, alternate or whorled.

Flowers appear in the summer.

Flowers are small, grey white, clustered on axillary or terminal spike. Flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence are male and those are on the lower part are bisexual.

Fruit is elliptical, 4-6 cm long, red when ripe.

The tree with nice canopy is planted in avenues and gardens as ornamental tree in Bangladesh.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Ashoth, Bodhi tree, Ficus religiosa

Ashoth, Ashwatha orBodhi tree(Ficus religiosa, family: Moraceae) is a gigantic and very aggressive tree. This deciduous tree holds well-spread crown & has irregularly shaped trunk. The tree is originally found in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand. It is introduced to Israel and USA. Common names: Pippala, Peepal, Ashwattha Formation of leaves
In Ramna Park (Dhaka) a centennial Oshoth tree is the center of attraction of the festival of Pohela Boishakh (Bangla new year) arranged by Chhayanaut.
During the festival of Pohela Boishakh

Deciduous ficus religiosa gives reddish new foliage in the spring (March).
Fruits are fig, develop in pair on leaf axil, sessile, sub-globose, depressed & pink when ripe. Small unisexual flowers remain inside fig.

It can grow everywhere in Bangladesh. It can be found on roof or window-shade of a building, in waterside area, on roadside or a huge trunk or stem of a tree.

Leaves are alternate, broad-ovate, 10-20 cm long with acuminate apex …

Kurchi or Girimollika, Holarrhena antidysenterica

Kurchi or Girimollika (Holarrhena antidysenterica, family: Apocynaceae) is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree with branches, attaining a height of 6-7 m. Its bark is not smooth and slightly grey in color.

The tree is one of the most beautiful flowering plants in Bangladesh. It is mainly found in the hilly areas as well as Sal forests in the country. The loving tree is native to Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh.

Leaves are simple, green, glabrous, opposite, nearly sessile, elliptic-lanceolate with pointed apex, 4-20 cm long and 8-10 cm wide. Flowers are white, 2-4 cm wide, slightly tubular at base, scented, clustered. Sepals 5, petals 5.

Flowers bloom profusely at the beginning of spring. In this time no leaves can be found in the tree! Fruits are cylindrical, borne in pair, 20-35 cm long, many-seeded.

Propagation of the plant is caused by air layering and root sucker. It is grown in garden and parks as an ornamental plant.

The tree is full with medicinal values. Its bar…

Telakucha or Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis

Telakucha orIvy gourd(Coccinia grandis, family: Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.
Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd

The creeper is propagated by cutting.

Flowers are pure white, funnel-shaped, sepals 5, petals 5. A blooming flower is 5 cm across. Flower blooms mostly in summer to rainy season.
Its flower, almost looks like Bottle gourd flower
Little gourd or Telakucha vine usually seen on ground as a trailer but with its tendril it can climb up high of a tree or a pole.

Fruits look like almost Bottle gourd but much smaller in size. The green fruits also resemble Pointed gourd at a glance.

Leaves are dark green, glaucous, glabrous, petioled and crisped; 8-10 cm long and 3-8 cm wide. Single leaves are usually associated with five lobes, but some…

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (Hygrophila auriculata, family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The spiny plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as the Indian subcontinent.

Other names: Kulekkha, Kuiley-rekha, Kanta kalika, Shoolmordon.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The body of the plant contains alkaloids, phytosterols, stigmasterol, lupeol and essential oils. Its seeds contain oil, enzymes and sterols. The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and dise…

Jarul, Giant crepe-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul or Giant crepe-myrtle(Lagerstroemia speciosa, family: Lythraceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with upright branches and grey bark. It can get a height of 15-20 m. The tree is native to South & Southeast Asia. The water-loving plant is found around the wetlands areas in Bangladesh. Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Leaves are green, entire, elliptical or lanceolate, 10-20 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Bark color is grey.

Inflorescence raceme flowers are medium-sized, purple in color. Flower 5-7 cm across, have 5 petals with numerous stamens in the middle. It gives flower early in the summer. The round to oval-shaped fruit is 2-3 cm in diametre. When mature it becomes very dry and splits in 6 pieces. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.
Parrot loves its fruits very much!

The leaf and bark of lagerstroemia speciosa are laxative stimulant. The decoction made from these can prevent fever. The plant is water tolerating, so it is suitable for marshy areas and …

Sthol-padma, Confederate rose, Hibiscus mutabilis

Sthol-padma or Confederaterose (Hibiscus mutabilis, family: Malvaceae) is a wonderful Perennial hibiscus that comes from China. The deciduous plant is introduced to Bangladesh as well as Indian sub-continent and USA. This fast growing woody shrub can grow up to 3 meter tall.

Common Name: Sthol-padma, Sthalkamal, Confederate rose, Dixie rosemallow, Cotton rosemallow.

Leaves are simple, alternate, deeply cordate, 3-5 lobed, 8-15 cm long, hairy on both surfaces, petiole long.

The flowers of hibiscus mutabilis are large or small, double or single, 9-18cm in across. white, red or pink. It is called 'changeable rose' as it changes color with the change of time.

Flower blooms in September-December. Propagation is caused by cutting and air layering.

Leaves and flowers of hibiscus mutabilis are are used in piles, abortion and urinary problems. Extract of root is used in menstrual problem.

Choto hurhuri, Fringed spider flower, Cleome rutidosperma

Choto hurhuri orFringed spider flower(Cleome rutidosperma, family: Cleomaceae) is a small-sized annual herb with branches up to 1 m height. The plant is native to tropical Africa and has become naturalized in the tropical and sub-tropical world. It grows on fallow land as weed in Bangladesh.

Common names: Choto hurhuri, Fringed spider flower, Purple cleome.

The plant flowers round the year. Flowers are pink, white, lilac, violet or blue, single, on leaf axil. Sepals 4, petals 4, stamens 6.

Leaves are trifoliate, middle one long, light green. Leaflets are glabrous, 4-7 cm long and 2-4 cm wide.

Fruit is capsule, 4-7 cm long, tubular, narrow at both ends, with an array of seeds.

Cleome rutidosperma keeps fruiting throughout the year, although most abundantly in the rainy season in Bangladesh.

The seed contains alkaloid. The leaves are collected from the wild and eaten as a cooked vegetable or added to soup.

Propagation of the species is caused by seeds.

As a traditional medicinal plant it is…