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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plants available @ floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant
11. Shaluk or Blue water lily, nymphaea nouchali
12. Chondromala or Crested floating-heart, Nymphoides cristatum
13. Maloncho or Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides
14. Shitolpati or Murta, Schumannianthus dichotomus
15. Panikola or Duck lettuce, Ottelia alismoides
16. Nolkhagra or Giant cane, Arundo donax
17. Jhanjhi or Water thyme, Hydrilla verticillata
18. Hogla or Southern cattail, Typha domingensis
19. Binna-ghash or Vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides
20. Topapana or Water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes
21. Shushni or Four leaf clover, Marsilea quadrifolia

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

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Kath-badam, Bengal almond, Terminalia catappa

Kaat-badam or Bengal almond (Terminalia catappa, family: Combretaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading horizontal branches. It is found in the tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

Common names: Katbadam, Deshi badam, Bengal almond, Indian almond, Tropical almond.

During winter the beautiful green leaves of terminalia catappa turn to red.

Leaves are simple, 15-25 cm long and 8-15 cm wide, obcordate, alternate or whorled.

Flowers appear in the summer.

Flowers are small, grey white, clustered on axillary or terminal spike. Flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence are male and those are on the lower part are bisexual.

Fruit is elliptical, 4-6 cm long, red when ripe.

The tree with nice canopy is planted in avenues and gardens as ornamental tree in Bangladesh.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Trumpet vine, Campsis grandiflora

Trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora, family: Bignoniaceae) is one of the most beautiful flowering climbers in the world. The woody deciduous climber from tropical America is very very favourite to amateur gardeners of the tropical world.

Leaves are opposite, deep green, pinnate. Leaflet 7-9, terminal one present, dented, 3-5 cm long, veins are clearly visible.

It blooms profusely from the summer to rainy season. The flowers can be seen easily by its gorgeous big showy clusters. Flowers are big in size, orange-colored, funnel-shaped; petals 5. A blooming flower is 4-5 cm across. Propagation of the plant is caused by cutting or sucker. It is grown as ornamental plant in Bangladesh. It can be seen in parks and roadside areas.

The vine itself a attractive one.

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (Hygrophila auriculata, family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The spiny plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as the Indian subcontinent.

Other names: Kulekkha, Kuiley-rekha, Kanta kalika, Shoolmordon.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The body of the plant contains alkaloids, phytosterols, stigmasterol, lupeol and essential oils. Its seeds contain oil, enzymes and sterols. The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and dise…

Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (Tinospora cordifolia, family: Menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

What an extensive climber!
Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Telakucha or Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis

Telakucha orIvy gourd(Coccinia grandis, family: Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.
Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd

The creeper is propagated by cutting.

Flowers are pure white, funnel-shaped, sepals 5, petals 5. A blooming flower is 5 cm across. Flower blooms mostly in summer to rainy season.
Its flower, almost looks like Bottle gourd flower
Little gourd or Telakucha vine usually seen on ground as a trailer but with its tendril it can climb up high of a tree or a pole.

Fruits look like almost Bottle gourd but much smaller in size. The green fruits also resemble Pointed gourd at a glance.

Leaves are dark green, glaucous, glabrous, petioled and crisped; 8-10 cm long and 3-8 cm wide. Single leaves are usually associated with five lobes, but some…

Kodom, Neolamarckia cadamba

Kodom or Kadam (Neolamarckiacadamba, family: Rubiaceae) is a tall fast growing deciduous tree with horizontal and spiral branches attaining a height of 15-20 m. The beautiful tree is native to South and Southeast Asia. This tree is closely associated with Radha-Sri Krishna. It is frequently mentioned in Bengali and Sanskrit literature. Its Sanskrit name is Kadamba.

Common names: Kadam, Burflower-tree.

Leaves are 12-22 cm long, elliptic oblong, dark glossy green above, alternative. Leaves have conspicuous veins.

Flower blooms in rainy season.

Flowers are borne on head, terimnal, single. Flower receptacle contains innumberable florets, white and yellow mixed. Flowers are strongly-scented. A kind of awkward smell comes out from the falling flowers though.

It is planted in the villages for its dense shade.

Its timber is soft and used as firewood. It is also used to make match and packing box. Bark and leaves are useful in children's sore of mouth. It is also used to drive odour of mo…

Dhonche or Prickly sesban, Sesbania bispinosa

Dhoincha or Prickly sesban (Sesbania bispinosa, family: Fabaceae) is an erect and fast growing annual shrub with flexible branches. The water friendly plant can get a height of 7 m, but can be seen more than 1 to 2 meters usually.

Leaves are compound; leaflets 11-45 pairs, deep green, small, 3-4 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide.

Flowers are showy, spectacular, bright yellow, borne on 15 cm long inflorescence. Sepals 5, petals, 5. Petals are dotted with purplish marks. For this reason, they seem like orchids. It blooms in September-October.

Fruit is a pod, very long, 20-25 cm. Each pod contains numerous seeds. These are brown in color. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

The plant is filled with medicinal properties. The plant is used to increase fertility of soil and destroy insects. The nodule in its roots help to keep nitrogen in the soil firmly.

Its leaves and seeds are used to feed cattles. Organic fertilizers can be made from the leaves. Stem is used as firewood.

A dry Dhainc…

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Harjora lota, Veld grape, Cissus quadrangularis

Harjora lota or Veld grape (Cissus quadrangularis, family: Vitaceae) is a deciduous climber with smooth, stout, succulent, quadrangular stems. It has simple tendrils, born opposed to leaf. The stem of the plant has great repute in the treatment of bone fracture. That's why it has been named 'Harjora lota' or 'Harbhanga lota' in Bangla.
Other local names: Harenga, Kumor-lota

It is native to Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. The perennial climber is also found in Africa, Arabia, and Southeast Asia. It has been introduced to Americas.

The large branched climber's leaves are simple, 3-6 cm long and 2-7 cm wide, fleshy, cordate, 3-5 lobed, toothed, acute to obtuse at apex, petioled, glabrous on both surfaces., opposite.
Inflorescence umbellate cymes, glabrous. Flowers are reddish, corolla lobes 4. Fruit is a berry, globose, red when ripe.
An extract is used as a cure for scurvy and irregular menstruation, and in ear and nose complaints. The stem has great repute in …

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Jarul, Giant crepe-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul or Giant crepe-myrtle(Lagerstroemia speciosa, family: Lythraceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with upright branches and grey bark. It can get a height of 15-20 m. The tree is native to South & Southeast Asia. The water-loving plant is found around the wetlands areas in Bangladesh. Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Leaves are green, entire, elliptical or lanceolate, 10-20 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Bark color is grey.

Inflorescence raceme flowers are medium-sized, purple in color. Flower 5-7 cm across, have 5 petals with numerous stamens in the middle. It gives flower early in the summer. The round to oval-shaped fruit is 2-3 cm in diametre. When mature it becomes very dry and splits in 6 pieces. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.
Parrot loves its fruits very much!

The leaf and bark of lagerstroemia speciosa are laxative stimulant. The decoction made from these can prevent fever. The plant is water tolerating, so it is suitable for marshy areas and …

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Gogon sirish, Albizia richardiana

Gogon sirish (Albizia richardiana, family: Leguminosae) is a large-sized fast growing deciduous tree with cylindrical stem, dichotomously divided branches and smooth whitish brown bark. The plant is one of the most spectacular trees of the tropical world. It is widely planted as an avenue tree in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh.
Other local names : Rajkoroi, Bahari koroi.

Leaves are compound, bipinnate, rachis about 12 cm long, pinnae 8-14 pairs, each 4-7 cm long; leaflets 50-100 pairs per pinnae, sessile, feathery, linear-oblong, small.

Flowers are sessile, small, greenish white, numerous, clustered on round head. Flower comes in the rainy season.

Fruit is long, thin, flat, whitish brown, 9-13 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. Each fruit contains 8-12 seeds. The plant is propagated by seeds.

The tree with nice canopy can be attained up to 30-40 meters high. For its royal beauty, it is planted in park, garden, open space and street side around the tropical world.

Wood is soft. Tea box…

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