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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plant

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Aquatic plants that available on floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant
11. Shaluk or Blue water lily, nymphaea nouchali

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

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Harjora lota, Veld grape, Cissus quadrangularis

Harjora lota or Veld grape (cissus quadrangularis, family: vitaceae) is a deciduous climber with smooth, stout, succulent, quadrangular stems. It has simple tendrils, born opposed to leaf. The stem of the plant has great repute in the treatment of bone fracture. That's why it has been named 'Harjora lota' or 'Harbhanga lota' in Bangla.

It is native to Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. The perennial climber is also found in Africa, Arabia, and Southeast Asia. It has been introduced to Americas.

The large branched climber's leaves are simple, 3-6 cm long and 2-7 cm wide, fleshy, cordate, 3-5 lobed, toothed, acute to obtuse at apex, petioled, glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence umbellate cymes, glabrous. Flowers are reddish, corolla lobes 4. Fruit is a berry, globose, red when ripe.

Other local names: Harenga, Kumor-lota.

An extract is used as a cure for scurvy and irregular menstruation, and in ear and nose complaints. The stem has great repute in the treat…

Kamini, murraya paniculata

Kamini (murraya paniculata, family: rutaceae) is an evergreen small tree or large woody shrub that can get a height of 3 m. Its grey trunk is small. The leafy ornamental plant is native to China and Malaysia.

Flowers are showy, pure white, strongly scented, Petals 5, each divided, curved; base is narrow, broad at the end.

Kamini is one of the most vital flowering shrubs for a elegant garden. Its regal blooming, great scent and holy color is incomparable to plant kingdom. The fruit is a berry, round, orange-red in color. They are edible to human. The beautiful leaves are used to beautify the bouquet.

Every rachis have 4 pair of leaves usually. Leaves are dark green, shiny, obovate. White flowers usually bloom at night, it is so. Flowers stay for two days. Leaves, flowers and barks are used for medicinal purpose. It is useful in dysentery, bruise, cold, physical pain and snake bite.The bu ds are also attractive. Its propagation is caused by seeds and cuttings. Kamini starts flowering …

Telakucha or Ivy gourd, coccinia grandis

Telakucha orIvy gourd(coccinia grandis, family: cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.
Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd

The creeper is propagated by cutting.

Flowers are pure white, funnel-shaped, sepals 5, petals 5. A blooming flower is 5 cm across. Flower blooms mostly in summer to rainy season.
Its flower, almost looks like Bottle gourd flower
Little gourd or Telakucha vine usually seen on ground as a trailer but with its tendril it can climb up high of a tree or a pole.

Fruits look like almost Bottle gourd but much smaller in size. The green fruits also resemble Pointed gourd at a glance.

Leaves are dark green, glaucous, glabrous, petioled and crisped; 8-10 cm long and 3-8 cm wide. Single leaves are usually associated with five lobes, but some…

Shohosro-beli or Chinese Glory Bower, clerodendrum chinense

Shohosro-beli or Chinese Glory Bower (clerodendrum chinense, family: verbenaceae) is a perennial shrub with quadrangular stem, attaining a height of 1-1.5 m. Usually, many plants are seen together in wilderness in Bangladesh. As an ornamental plant it is planted in parks and gardens in the country.

Leaves are large and thin, 10-15 cm long and 7-12 cm wide, ovate-cordate, light green, hairy, deeply serrated, long petioled. Lower side of the leaf is light brown with red shade.

Summer and Rainy seasons are the flowering time of this evergreen shrub. Flowers are clustered on round head at the end of branches. Flowers are white with pink shade, multipetaled, sweet-scented, 2.5 cm across.

Flowers are very much like Beli (Arabian jasmine, jasminum sambac). The fragrance of the flowers are very much like that flower too. That’s why the Bangla name of the plant is Hajar-beli.

It is believed that the original home of the plant is China.

The propagation of the plant is caused by cuttings. I…

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (hygrophila auriculata, family: acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as Indian subcontinent.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and diseases of genito-urinary tracts. Seeds are demulcent, diuretic and possibly tonic. Its root, leaves and seeds are used in gonorrhea, jaundice, rheumatic pain and urinary problem.

The annual thorny herb grows in cropl…

Sthol-padma, Confederate rose, hibiscus mutabilis

Sthol-padma or Confederate rose (hibiscus mutabilis, family: malvaceae) is a wonderful Perennial hibiscus that comes from China. The deciduous plant is introduced to Bangladesh as well as Indian sub-continent and USA. This fast growing woody shrub can grow up to 3 meter tall.

Common Name: Sthol-padma, Sthalkamal, Confederate rose, Dixie rosemallow, Cotton rosemallow.

Leaves are simple, alternate, deeply cordate, 3-5 lobed, 8-15 cm long, hairy on both surfaces, petiole long.

The flowers of hibiscus mutabilis are large or small, double or single, 9-18cm in across. white, red or pink. It is called 'changeable rose' as it changes color with the change of time.

Flower blooms in September-December. Propagation is caused by cutting and air layering.

Leaves and flowers of hibiscus mutabilis are are used in piles, abortion and urinary problems. Extract of root is used in menstrual problem.

Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (tinospora cordifolia, family: menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

What an extensive climber!

Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Dumur or Hairy fig, ficus hispida

Dumur or Hairy fig (ficus hispida, family: moraceae) is a medium-sized tree from ficus genus with branches. The hairy-leaved tree is native to Bangladesh, as well as South and Southeast Asia and New Guinea, Australia and Andaman island. Figs are eaten as vegetables in Bangladesh and India.

Flowers remain inside fruit and cannot be seen from outside. Fruits called figs grow in cluster on branches. The ripe fruit is yellow. Its propagation is by seeds
Ovulate green leaves are hairy and rough. Leaf is 12-18 cm long and pedicel is 2-5 cm long.

Common names: Dumur, Kala dumur, Kak dumur, Devil fig, Hairy fig, Opposite-leaved fig-tree, Rough-leaved fig
Figs are used in stomach-ache and constipation. It is also used to cure different teeth diseases.

Ripe fruits are eaten by birds and seeds are spread with their droppings.

The plant grows in wilderness and fallow lands. It can be seen everywhere in Bangladesh. The species name 'hispida' derives from its hairy leaves.

Barun, Three-leaved caper, crataeva nurvala

Barun or Three-leaved caper (crataeva nurvala, family: capparidaceae) is a small to medium-sized water-friendly tree with large number of branches. The tree is found throughout Bangladesh. It is one of the most beautiful trees in Bangladesh, especially when its canopy fills with flowers in the beginning of the summer. It is an Indo-Malay and Tropical African species.

Common names: Three-leaved caper, varun, barun, crataeva, bonna, boinna, pithagola.

Potpoti, Minnieroot, ruellia tuberosa

Potpoti or Minnieroot, (ruellia tuberosa, family: acanthaceae) is a perennial herb, attaining 30-40 cm height, with branches. Leaves are green, hairy, 5-7 cm long.
Common name: Potpoti, Chotpoti, Sheep Potato, Minnieroot, Snapdragon Root, Cracker plant.

In Bangladesh its flower blooms in summer. Flowers are showy, violet in color, funnel-shaped, sepals 5, petals 5.