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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plants available @ floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant
11. Shaluk or Blue water lily, nymphaea nouchali

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Mohammad Ali: Dhaka, DSCC, Bangladesh

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Kath-badam, Bengal almond, Terminalia catappa

Kath-badam, Bengal almond (Terminalia catappa, family: Combretaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading horizontal branches. It is found in the tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

Common names: Katbadam, Deshi badam, Bengal almond, Indian almond, Tropical almond.

During winter the beautiful green leaves of terminalia catappa turn to red.

Leaves are simple, 15-25 cm long and 8-15 cm wide, obcordate, alternate or whorled.

Flowers appear in the summer.

Flowers are small, grey white, clustered on axillary or terminal spike. Flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence are male and those are on the lower part are bisexual.

Fruit is elliptical, 4-6 cm long, red when ripe.

The tree with nice canopy is planted in avenues and gardens as ornamental tree in Bangladesh.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Shirish or Lebbek tree, Albizia lebbeck

Shirish or Lebbek tree (Albizia lebbeck, family: Fabaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading crown, attaining a height of 15-20 m. The black bark tree is native to Bangladesh as well as Southeast Asia and Australia.
Common names: Shirish, Siris, Kalo koroi, Lebbek tree, Frywood.

Leaves bipinnate with a large gland on the base of petiole, pinnae 2-5 pairs. Leaflets 2.5-4 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide, ovate, oblong, pale green. Flowers bloom in April-June.

Flowers are very fragrant, greenish white, heads globose, containing many flowers. Stamens are longer than petals and sepals.

The fruit is a legume, 12-30 cm long and 2-5 cm wide. It contains 6-12 seeds. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds. Albizia lebbeck is a good timber tree, fast growing and suitable for a forestation. Bark prevents skin diseases and leaf night blindness. It is also useful in tuberculosis, diarrhea and leprosy.

Shimul or Red silk-cotton, Bombax ceiba

Shimul or Red silk-cotton(Bombax ceiba, family: Malvaceae) is one of the most common trees that found in Bangladesh. This deciduous straight tall tree with thorny trunk and spreading crown is also found in tropical regions of Asia. In Bangladesh, the tree is planted in parks and on highways and beside national monuments for its gorgeous fire-red flowers. It can reach a height up to 60 m.

Common names: Shimul, Red silk-cotton, Red cotton tree.
Leaves are large, spreading, glabrous, digitate, leaflets lanceolate, entire, 10-15 cm long; petiole is up to 20 cm long. It blooms in spring (March-April).

Flowers red, numerous, appearing when the tree is bare of leaves, stamens numerous arranged in five outer bundles and one middle bundle.

Fruit capsules, woody valves. 10-13 cm in length. Seeds smooth, black or grey embedded in long white wool.
Oh! the flame of the forest!
Young plant is used in dysentery, cough, plethora, malnutrition and sexual diseases. Wood is soft and used to make match box…

Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes

Kochuripana or Water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes, family: pontederiaceae) is an aquatic plant with short stem and is native to tropical and sub-tropical South America. It may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 meter in height. The free-floating perennial is found in the rivers, canals and ditches in Bangladesh.

Common names: Water hyacinth, Floating water hyacinth, Lilac devil, Nile lily, Water orchid, Water violet.

Broad, thick, glossy leaves are ovate or rhomboid, glabrous, 10-20 cm across, that come out from the stem. Root is fibrous, freely hanging, purple-black in color.

Inflorescence is long and erect, bears of 8-15 conspicuously attractive flowers with six mauve or purple-colored petals (each up to 4 cm long), mostly painted with yellow and violet colors.

In Bangladesh, it is regarded as the most troublesome aquatic weed to crops and water-transportation.

Some parts of the plant, especially the green parts and flowers are eaten as vegetable in Southeast Asia. …

Dumur or Hairy fig, Ficus hispida

Dumur or Hairy fig (Ficus hispida, family: Moraceae) is a medium-sized tree from ficus genus with branches. The hairy-leaved tree is native to Bangladesh, as well as South and Southeast Asia and New Guinea, Australia and Andaman island. Figs are eaten as vegetables in Bangladesh and India.

Flowers remain inside fruit and cannot be seen from outside. Fruits called figs grow in cluster on branches. The ripe fruit is yellow. Its propagation is by seeds
Ovulate green leaves are hairy and rough. Leaf is 12-18 cm long and pedicel is 2-5 cm long.

Common names: Dumur, Kala dumur, Kak dumur, Devil fig, Hairy fig, Opposite-leaved fig-tree, Rough-leaved fig
Figs are used in stomach-ache and constipation. It is also used to cure different teeth diseases.

Ripe fruits are eaten by birds and seeds are spread with their droppings.

The plant grows in wilderness and fallow lands. It can be seen everywhere in Bangladesh. The species name 'hispida' derives from its hairy leaves.

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (Hygrophila auriculata, family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as Indian subcontinent.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and diseases of genito-urinary tracts. Seeds are demulcent, diuretic and possibly tonic. Its root, leaves and seeds are used in gonorrhea, jaundice, rheumatic pain and urinary problem.

The annual thorny herb grows in cropl…

Dhutra or Thorn apple, Datura metel

Dhutra orThorn apple (Datura metel, family: Solanaceae) is an an erect and stout herb with branches, attaining a height 1-1.5 m. The stem is hollow, green with strong odor. It is native to Bangladesh as well as Indian sub-continent, East African area and some Oceanic islands. In Bangladesh it grows everywhere and planted as an ornamental plant.

Leaves are simple, alternate, ovate, glabrous, 7-15 cm long and 5 cm wide, apex acute. Petiole 5-7 cm long. Fragrant flowers are solitary, single or double, large, greenish-white, funnel-shaped, bisexual, sepals 5, petals 5. Flower blooms mainly in summer.

Fruit is globose, pale green and spiny. The plant is propagated by seeds.

Common names: Dhatura, Dhutra, Thorn apple, Devil's trumpet, Cornucopia.

For thousands of years the poisonous herb has been used as an Ayurvedic medicinal plant. The flower and fruit contains many stimulating substances. Medicines made from it are used to cure neural and nervous diseases.

A variety of datura metel is…

Kathali-chapa or Climbing lang lang, Artabotrys hexapetalus

Kathali-chapa or Climbing lang lang (Artabotrys hexapetalus, family : Annonaceae) is a bushy shrub, native to South and Southeast Asia. Its stem is woody. Immatured flowers are whitish green, matured are deep yellow in color; petals 6, leathery, open. Calyx is curved, like a hook. Leaves are alternate, shiny green, oblong-lanceolate, 5-14 cm long, 2-5 cm wide.

Propagation is caused by cutting and seed. Group of fruits (usually 6) grow together at the end of long peduncle. Fruits are ovoid, smooth, pointed at the end, 2.5-4 cm long.

Flowers are well scented. They scented like ripe Jackfruit. In Bangla, the flower is named after this reason. Flower blooms from summer to rainy season.

Jarul, Giant crepe-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul or Giant crepe-myrtle(Lagerstroemia speciosa, family: Lythraceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with upright branches and grey bark. It can get a height of 15-20 m. The tree is native to South & Southeast Asia. The water-loving plant is found around the wetlands areas in Bangladesh. Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Leaves are green, entire, elliptical or lanceolate, 10-20 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Bark color is grey.

Inflorescence raceme flowers are medium-sized, purple in color. Flower 5-7 cm across, have 5 petals with numerous stamens in the middle. It gives flower early in the summer.

The round to oval-shaped fruit is 2-3 cm in diametre. When mature it becomes very dry and splits in 6 pieces. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Parrot loves its fruits very much!
The leaf and bark of lagerstroemia speciosa are laxative stimulant. The decoction made from these can prevent fever. The plant is water tolerating, so it is suitable for marshy areas a…

Akondo, Crown flower, calotropis gigantea

Akondo or Crown flower (calotropis gigantea, family: apocynaceae) is a perennial shrub with branches, attaining a height of 4 m. The stem is slightly wooody and much branched at the base. Bark is grey. Young shoots and lower part of leaves are tomentose. The plant is an iconic one in the rural areas in Bangladesh.

Branches and leaves emit milk when snapped. Leaves are whitish green, leathery, short-petioled or sessile, broadly ovate, 10-20 cm long and 6-12 cm wide.

For video please visit : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH5nOu16vYw&t=37s

Common English name: Crown flower.

Flowers are light violet with white shade. Sepals 5, petals 5. Flowers are seen round the year but during the summer it blooms abundantly. Penduncle 6-10 cm long. Corolla glabrous, white or purple.

The fruit is ovoid, curved, 6-8 cm long and 3-5 cm wide, tomentose, dehiscent, yields cotton.

It grows on fallow lands as weed all over Bangladesh. This tall shrub is also native to South and Southeast Asia. Propagatio…