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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plants that available on floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant
11. Shaluk or Blue water lily, nymphaea nouchali

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Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (Hygrophila auriculata, family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as Indian subcontinent.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and diseases of genito-urinary tracts. Seeds are demulcent, diuretic and possibly tonic. Its root, leaves and seeds are used in gonorrhea, jaundice, rheumatic pain and urinary problem.

The annual thorny herb grows in cropl…

Karipata or Curry tree, Murraya koenigii

Karipata or Curry tree (murraya koenigii, family: rutaceae) is a shrub-like small tree with canopy. Bark is grey. The strong odorous tree can be seen to be 10-15 feet high. It is found everywhere in the Indian subcontinent.

Other names : Choto Kamini, Mitha Neem, Shurovi Neem, Borshunga.

It is a beautiful leafy tree. Scented leaves are cooked with fish to give a flavour to curry. In Bangladesh the woody tree is usually planted in gardens. If regular pruning it can be quite lovely. Toothed and alternate leaves are compound. Leaflets 11-25 in one foot long rachis, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4 cm long. Flowers are white, scented, clustered on terminal cyme; Petal 5, stamens 5.

Aromatic oil is made from its leaves. It is stimulant, energizing. Flower and root are used in blood dysentery, nausea and fever. It is originated in India and Myanmar. Wood is used to make agricultural equipments.

Fruit is oval. Immature one is green, ripe one purplish black.

Chatim, Devil's tree, alstonia scholaris

Chatim or Devil's tree (alstonia scholaris, family: apocynaceae) is a much branched tall tree. The evergreen tree gets a height of 15-20 m. Its trunk is dark grey, slightly rough. The good looking tree is found in South and Southeast Asia.
Flowers are greenish white, occurs in a large cluster, extreme scented. For this its presence is felt from afar at night. This is one of the main features of the tree.

Leaves are narrow, obovate, 10-18 cm long and 4-5 cm wide; shiny above, pale beneath. Leaf breaks if you fold. The canopy spreads like an umbrella. Wood is white and soft. Leaves, branch, trunk─overall whole tree contains milky latex. In Sanskrit, it is called Shopto-porni (seven-leaved tree). Though a rachis holds 4-7 plates usually, sometimes 8.

It blooms in late Autumn (Sep-Oct).

Fruits are light green, slender, cylindrical, 20-50 cm long. Ripe fruits burst. They remain on tree like this for a long time. Its propagation is caused by seeds.
Its wood is useful to make pencil, match…

Kath-badam, Bengal almond, terminalia catappa

Kath-badam, Bengal almond (terminalia catappa, family: combretaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading horizontal branches. It is found in the tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

Common names: Katbadam, Deshi badam, Bengal almond, Indian almond, Tropical almond.

During winter the beautiful green leaves of terminalia catappa turn to red.

Leaves are simple, 15-25 cm long and 8-15 cm wide, obcordate, alternate or whorled.

Flowers appear in the summer.

Flowers are small, grey white, clustered on axillary or terminal spike. Flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence are male and those are on the lower part are bisexual.

Fruit is elliptical, 4-6 cm long, red when ripe.

The tree with nice canopy is planted in avenues and gardens as ornamental tree in Bangladesh.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Mahogany, Swietenia mahagoni

Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni, family: Meliaceae) is a medium-sized semi-deciduous treeattaining a height of 30-35 m. It has short but strong base, large canopy, many heavy branches and dense shade. It is native to United States and the Caribbean islands. It is grown as an ornamental tree in tropical regions of the world. Its wood is the first choice for making high-quality furniture throughout the world.

The bark is furrowed and dark gray in color. In Bangladesh, it is planted as ornamental tree beside roads, in parks and is planted by name of social forestry.
Common names: Mahagni, Mahogany, West Indian mahogany.

The leaves are compound, 60 cm long,leaflets4-10 pairs, each lance-shaped leaflet 20 cm long and 5 cm wide; terminal leafletless. Young leaves are blood red, quickly becoming a bright, light green and darkening as they mature.

The flowers are very fragrant, greenish-yellow, 6-8 mm across, borne on axillary panicles. Flowers are unisexual and the tree is monoecious.

The brown frui…

Jarul, Giant crepe-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul or Giant crepe-myrtle(Lagerstroemia speciosa, family: Lythraceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with upright branches and grey bark. It can get a height of 15-20 m. The tree is native to South & Southeast Asia. The water-loving plant is found around the wetlands areas in Bangladesh. Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Leaves are green, entire, elliptical or lanceolate, 10-20 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Bark color is grey.

Inflorescence raceme flowers are medium-sized, purple in color. Flower 5-7 cm across, have 5 petals with numerous stamens in the middle. It gives flower early in the summer.

The round to oval-shaped fruit is 2-3 cm in diametre. When mature it becomes very dry and splits in 6 pieces. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Parrot loves its fruits very much!
The leaf and bark of lagerstroemia speciosa are laxative stimulant. The decoction made from these can prevent fever. The plant is water tolerating, so it is suitable for marshy areas a…

Shirish or Lebbek tree, Albizia lebbeck

Shirish or Lebbek tree (Albizia lebbeck, family: Fabaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading crown, attaining a height of 15-20 m. The black bark tree is native to Bangladesh as well as Southeast Asia and Australia.
Common names: Shirish, Siris, Kalo koroi, Lebbek tree, Frywood.

Leaves bipinnate with a large gland on the base of petiole, pinnae 2-5 pairs. Leaflets 2.5-4 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide, ovate, oblong, pale green. Flowers bloom in April-June.

Flowers are very fragrant, greenish white, heads globose, containing many flowers. Stamens are longer than petals and sepals.

The fruit is a legume, 12-30 cm long and 2-5 cm wide. It contains 6-12 seeds. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds. Albizia lebbeck is a good timber tree, fast growing and suitable for a forestation. Bark prevents skin diseases and leaf night blindness. It is also useful in tuberculosis, diarrhea and leprosy.

Kamini, murraya paniculata

Kamini (murraya paniculata, family: rutaceae) is an evergreen small tree or large woody shrub that can get a height of 3 m. Its grey trunk is small. The leafy ornamental plant is native to China and Malaysia.

Flowers are showy, pure white, strongly scented, Petals 5, each divided, curved; base is narrow, broad at the end.

Kamini is one of the most vital flowering shrubs for a elegant garden. Its regal blooming, great scent and holy color is incomparable to plant kingdom. The fruit is a berry, round, orange-red in color. They are edible to human. The beautiful leaves are used to beautify the bouquet.

Every rachis have 4 pair of leaves usually. Leaves are dark green, shiny, obovate. White flowers usually bloom at night, it is so. Flowers stay for two days. Leaves, flowers and barks are used for medicinal purpose. It is useful in dysentery, bruise, cold, physical pain and snake bite.The bu ds are also attractive. Its propagation is caused by seeds and cuttings. Kamini starts flowering …

Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera

Padma, Poddo, (nelumbo nucifera, family: nymphaeceae) is a large and erect aquatic perennial, found in the water bodies of rural area of Bangladesh. The plant is also native to Tropical Asia. Padma is the national flower of India and Vietnam.

Common names: Padma, Poddo, Lotus, Indian lotus, Sacred lotus.

Petiole comes out from rhizome. Petiole is 75-100 cm long. Leaves are big, round, 40-45 cm long, bluish green.

Flower is big, pink or white, scented. Fully bloomed flower is 15-20 cm across. Sepals 4-5, ovate-elliptical, persistent. Petals many, 4-15 cm long, elliptical. Numerous stamens surround pistil at the center of flower.

It blooms mainly in the rainy season.

Leaves and flowers are used in strangury, blood dysentery, bilious dysentery, vomiting and worm.

Leaves and flowers float on water.

A kind of alkaloid is collected from petiole and it is used in fever, liver and heart diseases. Young leaves, petiole and rhizome are eaten as vegetables.

This adorable water plant is commonly…

Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes

Kochuripana or Water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes, family: pontederiaceae) is an aquatic plant with short stem and is native to tropical and sub-tropical South America. It may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 meter in height. The free-floating perennial is found in the rivers, canals and ditches in Bangladesh.

Common names: Water hyacinth, Floating water hyacinth, Lilac devil, Nile lily, Water orchid, Water violet.

Broad, thick, glossy leaves are ovate or rhomboid, glabrous, 10-20 cm across, that come out from the stem. Root is fibrous, freely hanging, purple-black in color.

Inflorescence is long and erect, bears of 8-15 conspicuously attractive flowers with six mauve or purple-colored petals (each up to 4 cm long), mostly painted with yellow and violet colors.

In Bangladesh, it is regarded as the most troublesome aquatic weed to crops and water-transportation.

Some parts of the plant, especially the green parts and flowers are eaten as vegetable in Southeast Asia. …