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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plants available @ floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant
11. Shaluk or Blue water lily, nymphaea nouchali
12. Chondromala or Crested floating-heart, Nymphoides cristatum
13. Maloncho or Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides
14. Shitolpati or Murta, Schumannianthus dichotomus
15. Panikola or Duck lettuce, Ottelia alismoides
16. Nolkhagra or Giant cane, Arundo donax
17. Jhanjhi or Water thyme, Hydrilla verticillata
18. Hogla or Southern cattail, Typha domingensis
19. Binna-ghash or Vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

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Telakucha or Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis

Telakucha orIvy gourd(Coccinia grandis, family: Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.
Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd

The creeper is propagated by cutting.

Flowers are pure white, funnel-shaped, sepals 5, petals 5. A blooming flower is 5 cm across. Flower blooms mostly in summer to rainy season.
Its flower, almost looks like Bottle gourd flower
Little gourd or Telakucha vine usually seen on ground as a trailer but with its tendril it can climb up high of a tree or a pole.

Fruits look like almost Bottle gourd but much smaller in size. The green fruits also resemble Pointed gourd at a glance.

Leaves are dark green, glaucous, glabrous, petioled and crisped; 8-10 cm long and 3-8 cm wide. Single leaves are usually associated with five lobes, but some…

Kath-badam, Bengal almond, Terminalia catappa

Kaat-badam or Bengal almond (Terminalia catappa, family: Combretaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading horizontal branches. It is found in the tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

Common names: Katbadam, Deshi badam, Bengal almond, Indian almond, Tropical almond.

During winter the beautiful green leaves of terminalia catappa turn to red.

Leaves are simple, 15-25 cm long and 8-15 cm wide, obcordate, alternate or whorled.

Flowers appear in the summer.

Flowers are small, grey white, clustered on axillary or terminal spike. Flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence are male and those are on the lower part are bisexual.

Fruit is elliptical, 4-6 cm long, red when ripe.

The tree with nice canopy is planted in avenues and gardens as ornamental tree in Bangladesh.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Karipata or Curry tree, Murraya koenigii

Karipata or Curry tree (Murraya koenigii, family: Rutaceae) is a shrub-like small tree with canopy. Bark is grey. The strong odorous tree can be seen to be 10-15 feet high. It is found everywhere in the Indian subcontinent.

Other names : Curry pata, Choto Kamini, Mitha Neem, Shurovi Neem, Borshunga.

Toothed and alternate leaves are compound. Leaflets 11-25 in one foot long rachis, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4 cm long. Flowers are white, scented, clustered on terminal cyme; Petal 5, stamens 5.

Aromatic oil is made from its leaves. It is stimulant, energizing. Flower and root are used in blood dysentery, nausea and fever. It is originated in India and Myanmar. Wood is used to make agricultural equipments.

Fruit is oval. Immature one is green, ripe one purplish black.

It is a beautiful leafy tree. Scented leaves are cooked with fish to give a flavour to curry. In Bangladesh the woody tree is usually planted in gardens. If regular pruning it can be quite lovely.

Jarul, Giant crepe-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul or Giant crepe-myrtle(Lagerstroemia speciosa, family: Lythraceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with upright branches and grey bark. It can get a height of 15-20 m. The tree is native to South & Southeast Asia. The water-loving plant is found around the wetlands areas in Bangladesh. Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Leaves are green, entire, elliptical or lanceolate, 10-20 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Bark color is grey.

Inflorescence raceme flowers are medium-sized, purple in color. Flower 5-7 cm across, have 5 petals with numerous stamens in the middle. It gives flower early in the summer. The round to oval-shaped fruit is 2-3 cm in diametre. When mature it becomes very dry and splits in 6 pieces. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.
Parrot loves its fruits very much!

The leaf and bark of lagerstroemia speciosa are laxative stimulant. The decoction made from these can prevent fever. The plant is water tolerating, so it is suitable for marshy areas and …

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (Hygrophila auriculata, family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as Indian subcontinent.

Other names: Kulekkha, Kuiley-rekha.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and diseases of genito-urinary tracts. Seeds are demulcent, diuretic and possibly tonic. Its root, leaves and seeds are used in gonorrhea, jaundice, rheumatic pain and urinary problem.

T…

Champa, champaca, Magnolia champaca

Champa or champaca (Magnolia champaca, family: Magnoliaceae) is a medium or large-sized evergreen tree with silky young shoot, grows to 50 m or taller. It is very popular in Bangladesh and India, especially in the Great Bengal area. This beautiful fragrant flowering tree is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Leaves are simple, lanceolate, light green, smooth and shiny above; 16-25 cm long and 5 cm wide. The petiole is about 2.5 cm long. Strongly scented flowers are solitary, showy, pale yellow or golden, 3-7 cm across. Petals 15, free, acute at the end. Blooming season is summer (April-May) and it continues up to June-July. Propagation is caused by seeds.

A bunch of fruits rise from single stick. Seeds are dark brown or blackish red.

Flower, fruit and leaf are used for skin diseases, round worms and snake bites. Decoction of leaves is analgesic and diaphoretic.

A rare variety of white color magnolia champaca is also found in Bangladesh─Magnolia×alba, also known as the White champ…

Hijol, Indian oak, Barringtonia acutangula

Hijol orIndian oak(Barringtonia acutangula, family: Lecythidaceae) is a medium-sized evergreen tree, native to riverine Bangladesh. This water-loving is found in the wetlands of Bangladesh. In rural areas, it can be seen standing in the water like Koronja.
Common names: Hijal, Hijangal, Hendol.

Leaves are short petioled, serrated, 7-12 cm long and 3-7 cm wide, crowded at the end of the branches.

Flowers are small, pink to red, sub-sessile, purple red with numerous stamens. Inflorescence is 20-30 cm long, pendulous raceme, flower openning from top to downwards. The 4-merous flowers are grouped in long & pendulous racemes up to 20-30 cm long. The cup-shaped calyx is light green in color. Flowers bloom in April-May. In the winter
Its bark has tannin which is useful for heart diseases. Powder of seeds works expectorant and applied to cure cough of children. Tonic is prepared from leaves and roots. Fish poison is also prepared from its roots.

Fruit is berry, green, 3-5 cm long , 4-winge…

Harjora lota, Veld grape, Cissus quadrangularis

Harjora lota or Veld grape (Cissus quadrangularis, family: Vitaceae) is a deciduous climber with smooth, stout, succulent, quadrangular stems. It has simple tendrils, born opposed to leaf. The stem of the plant has great repute in the treatment of bone fracture. That's why it has been named 'Harjora lota' or 'Harbhanga lota' in Bangla.
Other local names: Harenga, Kumor-lota

It is native to Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. The perennial climber is also found in Africa, Arabia, and Southeast Asia. It has been introduced to Americas.

The large branched climber's leaves are simple, 3-6 cm long and 2-7 cm wide, fleshy, cordate, 3-5 lobed, toothed, acute to obtuse at apex, petioled, glabrous on both surfaces., opposite.
Inflorescence umbellate cymes, glabrous. Flowers are reddish, corolla lobes 4. Fruit is a berry, globose, red when ripe.
An extract is used as a cure for scurvy and irregular menstruation, and in ear and nose complaints. The stem has great repute in …

Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (Tinospora cordifolia, family: Menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

What an extensive climber!
Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Bilombi or Cucumber tree, Averrhoa bilimbi

Bilombi orCucumber tree(Averrhoa bilimbi, family: Oxalidaceae) is a fruit-bearing small tree with short trunk and profuse branches, attaining a height of 5-10 m. This beautiful tree is native to Moluccas, Indonesia (possibly) and now cultivated throughout the tropical Asia.

Common names: Bilombi, Bilimbi, Bilombu, Cucumber tree
Flowers are small, inter-mixed with purple and white and borne on the old stem. Calyx is rust colored. Flower blooms mainly in March-April.

Leaves are light green and compound. Leaflet is lanceolate with sharp end, 3-6 cm long, alternate.

Fruit is fleshy and cylindrical, 4-11 cm long. The ripe fruit is yellowish green.

Averrhoa bilimbi is found all over Bangladesh as a homestead plant. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds. Fruit contains vitamin C, potassium and calcium.

Solution made from it is effective in scurvy, jaundice, scabies, small pox and skin spots. It is emollient and applied on skin to increase beauty.