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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Aquatic plants that available on floraofbangladesh.com

01. Padma, Lotus, nelumbo nucifera
02. Kolmi-lota, ipomoea aquatica
03. Kochuripana, Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes
04. Boronukha, monochoria hastata
05. Rokto-komol, Red water lily, nymphaea rubra
06. Shapla, Water Lily, nymphaea pubescens
07. Keshordam, ludwigia adscendens
08. Chandmala or Water snowflake, nymphoides indica
09. Dhonche or Prickly sesban, sesbania bispinosa
10. Jhajhidam or Bladderwort, utricularia flexuosant
11. Shaluk or Blue water lily, nymphaea nouchali

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

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Kulekhara or Talmakhna, hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (hygrophila auriculata, family: acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as Indian subcontinent.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and diseases of genito-urinary tracts. Seeds are demulcent, diuretic and possibly tonic. Its root, leaves and seeds are used in gonorrhea, jaundice, rheumatic pain and urinary problem.

The annual thorny herb grows in cropl…

Telakucha, Ivy gourd, coccinia grandis

Telakucha or Ivy gourd (coccinia grandis, family: cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.

Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd.

Dhutra or Thorn apple, datura metel

Dhutra orThorn apple (datura metel, family: solanaceae) is an an erect and stout herb with branches, attaining a height 1-1.5 m. The stem is hollow, green with strong odor. It is native to Bangladesh as well as Indian sub-continent, East African area and some Oceanic islands. In Bangladesh it grows everywhere and planted as an ornamental plant.

Leaves are simple, alternate, ovate, glabrous, 7-15 cm long and 5 cm wide, apex acute. Petiole 5-7 cm long. Fragrant flowers are solitary, single or double, large, greenish-white, funnel-shaped, bisexual, sepals 5, petals 5. Flower blooms mainly in summer.

Fruit is globose, pale green and spiny. The plant is propagated by seeds.

Common names: Dhatura, Dhutra, Thorn apple, Devil's trumpet, Cornucopia.

For thousands of years the poisonous herb has been used as an Ayurvedic medicinal plant. The flower and fruit contains many stimulating substances. Medicines made from it are used to cure neural and nervous diseases.

A variety of datura metel is…

Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (tinospora cordifolia, family: menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Kath-badam, Bengal almond, terminalia catappa

Kath-badam, Bengal almond (terminalia catappa, family: combretaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading horizontal branches. It is found in the tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

Common names: Katbadam, Deshi badam, Bengal almond, Indian almond, Tropical almond.

During winter the beautiful green leaves of terminalia catappa turn to red.

Leaves are simple, 15-25 cm long and 8-15 cm wide, obcordate, alternate or whorled.

Flowers appear in the summer.

Flowers are small, grey white, clustered on axillary or terminal spike. Flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence are male and those are on the lower part are bisexual.

Fruit is elliptical, 4-6 cm long, red when ripe.

The tree with nice canopy is planted in avenues and gardens as ornamental tree in Bangladesh.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Rose cactus, pereskia bleo

Rose cactus (pereskia bleo, famiy: cactaceae) is a bushy shrub or small tree from Cactus family with deep green foliage and spiny stems. Rose cactus is one of the most attractive flowers of the tropical world. The plant can reach a height of 3 m. It is native to Central America.

Common names: Rose cactus, Leaf cactus, Desert rose.

Lojjaboti, Touch me not, mimosa pudica

Lojjaboti or Touch me not (mimosa pudica, family: fabaceae) is a annual or perennial woody and creeping herb. The prickly herb is native to South America. Nowadays it is found throughout the tropical world as well as South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Lojjaboti, Touch me not, Sensitive plant, Sleepy plant, Shy plant.

Leaves are very sensitive─a slight touch instantly causes them to unfurl and shrink. The Bangla name (Lojjaboti) has been derived from this special attribute.

Leaves are pinnately compound, pinnae 2 pairs, blade 8 pairs, linear, opposite, looking like feather.

Flowers are small, pinkish in color, clustered as head.
The plant is used to prepare medicine for dysentery, piles, constipation, snake poison, arthritis and toothache. It helps to stop abnormal blood emission due to abortion.

Friut is a pod, 1-3 cm long. 2-7 prickly pods consists in a cluster. Hard coated seeds are pale brown.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Mimosa pudica usually prefers shady ar…

Bon tamak, Wild tobacco, nicotiana plumbaginifolia

Bon tamak or Wild tobacco (nicotiana plumbaginifolia, family: solanaceae) is an erect herb with branches attaining a height of 60-70 cm. There are many branches below rather than the top.

Leaves look like tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) but smaller than that. Leaves are green in color, ovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 25-30 cm long, hairy, viscose.

Flowers are white with light pink shade, corolla tubular, sepals 5, petals 5. Flower grows as single from leaf axil. Flower blooms round the year. The fruits are covered with 10 permanent veins. Seeds are small, black in color, upper part wrinkled.

The hairy perennial plant is a medicinal one. Leaf, stem and seed are used in allergy, phlegm, asthma, rheumatism, worm and louse infection and eye disease.

They grows here and there, specially in sugarcane, corn and sesame fields and on the village street as weed in Bangladesh.

Hijol, Indian oak, barringtonia acutangula

Hijol or Indian oak (barringtonia acutangula, family: lecythidaceae) is a medium-sized evergreen tree, native to riverine Bangladesh. This water-friendly is found in the wetlands of Bangladesh. The species is widely distributed to South and Southeast Asia and Australasia.

Common Names: Hijal, Hijagal, Hendol, Indian oak.

Leaves are short petioled, serrated, 7-12 cm long and 3-7 cm wide, crowded at the end of the branches.Flowers are small, pink to red, sub-sessile, purple red with numerous stamens. Inflorescence is 20-30 cm long, pendulous raceme, flower openning from top to downwards. The 4-merous flowers are grouped in long & pendulous racemes up to 20-30 cm long. The cup-shaped calyx is light green in color. Flowers bloom in April-May.

Its bark has tannin which is useful for heart diseases. Powder of seeds works expectorant and applied to cure cough of children. Tonic is prepared from leaves and roots. Fish poison is also prepared from its…

Jarul, Pride of India, lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul orPride of India (lagerstroemia speciosa, family: lythraceae) is a deciduous tree native to South and Southeast Asia. The species name 'speciosa' derives from its very attractive purple-colored showy flowers. By the by, the Latin word speciosa means beautiful.

Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.