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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Mohammad Ali
Phone: +8801969600191
Email: monmoth76@gmail.com
www.floraofbangladesh.com

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

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Kulekhara or Talmakhna, hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (hygrophila auriculata, family: acanthaceae) is an annual thorny herb with straight stem. The plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as Indian subcontinent.

Leaves and thorns grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers are bright violet or red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair. Flower blooms in winter. The plant grows in cropland and damp lands or at the edge of ditches.

Its root, leaves and seeds are used in gonorrhea, jaundice, rheumatic pain and urinary problem.

It is also known as Kanta kalika & Shoolmordon.

Chatim, Devil's tree, alstonia scholaris

Chatim or Devil's tree (alstonia scholaris, family: apocynaceae) is a much branched tall tree. The evergreen tree gets a height of 15-20 m. Its trunk is dark grey, slightly rough. The good looking tree is found in South and Southeast Asia. Flowers are greenish white, occurs in a large cluster, extreme scented. For this its presence is felt from afar at night. This is one of the main features of the tree.

Leaves are narrow, obovate, 10-18 cm long and 4-5 cm wide; shiny above, pale beneath. Leaf breaks if you fold. The canopy spreads like an umbrella. Wood is white and soft. Leaves, branch, trunk─overall whole tree contains milky latex. In Sanskrit, it is called Shopto-porni (seven-leaved tree). Though a rachis holds 4-7 plates usually, sometimes 8.

It blooms in late Autumn (Sep-Oct).

Fruits are light green, slender, cylindrical, 20-50 cm long. Ripe fruits burst. They remain on tree like this for a long time. Its propagation is caused by seeds.
Its wood is useful to make pencil, matc…

Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (tinospora cordifolia, family: menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Karipata, Curry tree, Murraya koenigii

Karipata, or Curry tree (murraya koenigii, family: rutaceae) is a shrub-like small tree with canopy. Bark is grey. The strong odorous tree can be seen to be 10-15 feet high. It is found everywhere in the Indian subcontinent.

Other names : Choto Kamini, Mitha Neem, Shurovi Neem, Borshunga.

It is a beautiful leafy tree. Scented leaves are cooked with fish to give a flavour to curry. In Bangladesh the woody tree is usually planted in gardens. If regular pruning it can be quite lovely. Toothed and alternate leaves are compound. Leaflets 11-25 in one foot long rachis, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4 cm long. Flowers are white, scented, clustered on terminal cyme; Petal 5, stamens 5.

Aromatic oil is made from its leaves. It is stimulant, energizing. Flower and root are used in blood dysentery, nausea and fever. It is originated in India and Myanmar. Wood is used to make agricultural equipments.

Fruit is oval. Immature one is green, ripe one purplish black.

Kolmi-lota, Water spinach, ipomoea aquatica

Kolmi-lota or Water spinach (ipomoea aquatica, family: convolvulaceae) is an annual floating herb from Morning glory family. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, most commonly in East, South and Southeast Asia. Stem is soft and creeping nature. It grows in water or on the edge of water bodies. As a very popular vegetable, leaves are eaten frequently by the local people.

Common names: Kalmilata, Water spinach, River spinach, Water morning glory, Water convolvulus, Swamp cabbage.

The hollow stems of ipomoea aquatica are 2-5 meters or more long, rooting at the nodes. Leaves are long-petioled, green, ovate-cordate with pointed apex, 5-15 cm long and 2-8 cm wide, alternate.

It is useful in pox and insomnia of children. It also used to prevent gonorrhea, tumor, to defuse poison of insect bite and to increase milk in breast.

Flowers are whitish-violet, showy, single, axillary, funnel-shaped, 3-5 cm in diameter. It blooms mainly in autumn.

Propagation is…

Lojjaboti, Touch me not, mimosa pudica

Lojjaboti or Touch me not (family: fabaceae) mimosa pudica is a annual or perennial woody and creeping herb. The prickly herb is native to South America. Nowadays it is found throughout the tropical world as well as South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Lojjaboti, Touch me not, Sensitive plant, Sleepy plant, Shy plant.

Telakucha, Ivy gourd, coccinia grandis

Telakucha or Ivy gourd (coccinia grandis, family: cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.

Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd.

Radhachura, Peacock flower, caesalpinia pulcherrima

Radhachura, Peacock flower (caesalpinia pulcherrima, family: leguminosae) is a small-sized thorny shrub attaining a height of 4-5 m. The plant is originally of America. It has become naturalized throughout the tropical world for its beautiful flowers.

Common names: Peacock flower, Red bird of paradise.

Leaves are compound, bipinnate, small linear leaflets arranged on both sides of pinnae.

On individual shrub, there are two colors of flowers─one is orange-yellow, another is complete yellow. Flower blooms round the year.

Flowers are small, borne on terminal raceme. Sepals 5, petals 5. Pedicel and stamens are prominently long.

Fruit is 7-10 cm long.

Bark, flower and seeds are used in piles, tumor, nausea, fever, worm and menstrual disorder.

Jarul, Pride of India, lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul orPride of India (lagerstroemia speciosa, family: lythraceae) is a deciduous tree native to South and Southeast Asia. The species name 'speciosa' derives from its very attractive purple-colored showy flowers. By the by, the Latin word speciosa means beautiful.

Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Ritha, sapindus saponaria

Ritha or Reetha (sapindus saponaria, family: sapindaceae) is a a medium-sized much branching tree attaining a height of 15 m. Its bark is dark with rough scales. The deciduous tree is originated from tropical America. Nowadays it has been naturalized in Bangladesh as well as tropical areas of Asia. The good looking tree is found in the North-West region of the country.

Leaves are green, 2-6 pairs per pinnae, 40 cm long, terminal leaf absent. Leaflets almost opposite or alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, 5-15 cm long and 3-6 cm wide, petioled, apex emarginate.

After leaving all the leaves in the winter, new leaves arrives in the beginning of spring.

Flowering occurs in the summer. Inflorescence up to 25 cm long. Flowers creamy white, tomentose. Petals 5. Fruit is drupe, solitary or pair, fleshy, subglobose, 1 cm in diameter, glabrous. Fruiting occurs in rainy season. The propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Fibers on inner bark are used for making ropes. Fruits are used as a subst…