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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Mohammad Ali
Phone: +8801969600191
Email: monmoth76@gmail.com
www.floraofbangladesh.com

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

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Karipata or Curry tree, Murraya koenigii

Karipata or Curry tree (Murraya koenigii, family: Rutaceae) is a shrub-like small tree with canopy. Bark is grey. The strong odorous tree can be seen to be 10-15 feet high. It is found everywhere in the Indian subcontinent.

Other names : Curry pata, Choto Kamini, Mitha Neem, Shurovi Neem, Borshunga.

Toothed and alternate leaves are compound. Leaflets 11-25 in one foot long rachis, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4 cm long. Flowers are white, scented, clustered on terminal cyme; Petal 5, stamens 5.

Aromatic oil is made from its leaves. It is stimulant, energizing. Flower and root are used in blood dysentery, nausea and fever. It is originated in India and Myanmar. Wood is used to make agricultural equipments.

Fruit is oval. Immature one is green, ripe one purplish black.

It is a beautiful leafy tree. Scented leaves are cooked with fish to give a flavour to curry. In Bangladesh the woody tree is usually planted in gardens. If regular pruning it can be quite lovely.

Chalta, Elephant apple, Dillenia indica

Chalta or Elephant apple (Dillenia indica, family: Dilleniaceae) is an evergreen tree with branches attaining a height of about 10 m. In Bangladesh, the flower of dillenia indica a iconic flower of rainy season. This beautiful tree is native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Chalta, Elephant apple
Leaves are petioled, simple, green, lanceolate, 15-27 cm wide, serrated, with 30-40 conspicuous veins.

Flowers are lagre, showy, white, with many yellow stamens at center. Petals 5, sepals 5. It blooms in June-July.

Fruit is big, round, 7-10 cm across.

Propagation is caused by seeds.

Dillenia indica is one of the most common homestead trees in Bangladesh.

Fruit, leaves, root and bark contain a lot of vitamin C, tannin and glucose. These are useful in cough, constipation, dyspepsia, epilepsy and instestinal gas. Fruit juice is used in hair care. Tasty pickles are made from its fruit.

Jarul, Giant crepe-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul or Giant crepe-myrtle(Lagerstroemia speciosa, family: Lythraceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with upright branches and grey bark. It can get a height of 15-20 m. The tree is native to South & Southeast Asia. The water-loving plant is found around the wetlands areas in Bangladesh. Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Leaves are green, entire, elliptical or lanceolate, 10-20 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Bark color is grey.

Inflorescence raceme flowers are medium-sized, purple in color. Flower 5-7 cm across, have 5 petals with numerous stamens in the middle. It gives flower early in the summer. The round to oval-shaped fruit is 2-3 cm in diametre. When mature it becomes very dry and splits in 6 pieces. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.
Parrot loves its fruits very much!

The leaf and bark of lagerstroemia speciosa are laxative stimulant. The decoction made from these can prevent fever. The plant is water tolerating, so it is suitable for marshy areas and …

Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (Tinospora cordifolia, family: Menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human.

What an extensive climber!
Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, cough and sexual diseases.

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (Hygrophila auriculata, family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The spiny plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as the Indian subcontinent.

Other names: Kulekkha, Kuiley-rekha, Kanta kalika, Shoolmordon.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The body of the plant contains alkaloids, phytosterols, stigmasterol, lupeol and essential oils. Its seeds contain oil, enzymes and sterols. The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and dise…

Deua or Monkey jack, Artocarpus lacucha

Deua or Monkey jack (Artocarpus lacucha, family: Moraceae) a large tree with large spreading crown, of 12-18 m height. The bark of the deciduous tree is grey and coarse. The type of its fruit reminds us of Jackfruit. It is found in South and Southeast Asia. It is one of the most common trees found in Bangladesh.
Other names: Delo madar, deyphol, Deuphol, Dehua, Deua cham, Barta, Dalo, Bon kathal.

Leaves are broadly elliptic, entire, rough, brittle, 10-30 cm long and 10-18 cm wide, undulate, back hairy, leathery.

Flowers are small, without petals. Male and female flowers grow on the same inflorescence. Female inflorescence has pedicel, though the male one has none. The fruits come from the female flowers.

Fruit is a syncarp (multiple fruit, which is fleshy), wavy, velvety, bright yellow or orange when ripe, 5-10 cm in diameter. The fruit is sour-tasted but also somewhat sweet. It is eaten raw or pickled. Seed is oblong and white in color.

The plant produces flower in summer. Fruits are…

Telakucha or Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis

Telakucha orIvy gourd(Coccinia grandis, family: Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.
Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd

The creeper is propagated by cutting.

Flowers are pure white, funnel-shaped, sepals 5, petals 5. A blooming flower is 5 cm across. Flower blooms mostly in summer to rainy season.
Its flower, almost looks like Bottle gourd flower
Little gourd or Telakucha vine usually seen on ground as a trailer but with its tendril it can climb up high of a tree or a pole.

Fruits look like almost Bottle gourd but much smaller in size. The green fruits also resemble Pointed gourd at a glance.

Leaves are dark green, glaucous, glabrous, petioled and crisped; 8-10 cm long and 3-8 cm wide. Single leaves are usually associated with five lobes, but some…

Furush or Crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia indica

Furush or Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica, family: Lythraceae) is a small deciduous tree or large shrub with hard branches from the family of Jarul attaining a height of 3-6 m. The bark is smooth, pinkish-grey and spotted, moulting each year. This beautiful flowering plant is very popular as a road-island tree in Bangladesh.

Common names: Furush, Crape myrtle, Crepe Myrtle, Crepeflower.

Leaves shed each winter; new leaves grow early in the spring. Leaves are smooth-edged, circular or oval-shaped, and dark green.

Flowers, on different trees, are white, pink, light pink, mauve, red, purple, in panicles up to 9 cm. It gives flower from late summer to rainy season.

Young plants grow fairly quickly and will often flower in their first year after planting out. Propaga-tion of this magnificent shrub is caused by cuttings.

It is so famous all over the tropical world that several varieties of it have been made.The bark, flower and leaf of lagerstroemia indica are used i…

Pakur, Ficus infectoria

Pakur (Ficus infectoria, family: Moraceae) is a large and beautiful tree from Fig family with spreading crown. The height and the shape of the tree is very much like its relatives-- Ashoth and Bot. Bark is gray and smooth. Wood is also gray-colored. The deciduous tree with aerial prop roots is grown on the roadside areas, in parks and the premises of temple and by village huts as shadow tree.

Leaves are dark green, entire, thin, ovate-oblong or slightly heart-shaped, 8-10 cm long and 5-7 cm wide, almost like the leaves of Ashoth, but have not any elongated tail-like part at the tip and also not broad and long than that; petioles 5-7 cm long. The leaves and young shoots contain milky latex.

Flowers remain inside fruit like all other figs in this family. Fruits called figs grow in cluster on branches. Figs are round. At the end of rainy season, the fruit becomes ripe.

The worship of Nishkandi Deo and a village fair have been organized for hundred of years under this tree.
Needless to s…

Ashphol or Longan tree, Dimocarpus longan

Ashphol or Longan tree (Dimocarpus longan, family: Sapindaceae) is a medium-sized (10-15 m) evergreen tree from Litchi family. Bark is blackish grey. Its fruit is known as Kath-lichu in Bangla, because it has a similarity with litchi.

Leaflets green, 2-5 pairs, elliptical, ovate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the end, glabrous above, Veins and midribs are clearly visible, 7-10 cm long and 3-5 cm wide.

Flowers are small, petals 5, yellowish white as Litchi's flower, soft and round, borne on terminal panicle. Male and hermaphrodite flowers can be seen in the same panicle. Flowers occur in February-Mach.

Fruit is round, brown and reddish yellow, containing one seed each like Litchi. Fruit-flesh is juicy and almost sweet as Litchi, but not thick as that. Fruits ripen in May-June.

The plant is propagated by seed and air layering. Fruits are edible and popular among the children of Bangladesh. Original home of the plant is Malay. It is found in hilly areas of Chittagong of the cou…