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Flora of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a rich land of biodiversity. About 6000 species of plants are gathered in such a small area of 147570 sq km. We are trying to introduce the flora of Bangladesh in a pack from the naturalist view, not from the eye of plant-expert. For this, there will be some unwanted mistakes. Needless to say, pics used in this site are all original. The information is gathered here from the personal notes, collected books and from different websites.

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Mohammad Ali
Phone: +8801969600191
Email: monmoth76@gmail.com
www.floraofbangladesh.com

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Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

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Mohammad Ali: Dhaka, DSCC, Bangladesh

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Bokul, Mimusops elengi

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Dhutra or Thorn apple, Datura metel

Dhutra orThorn apple (Datura metel, family: Solanaceae) is an an erect and stout herb with branches, attaining a height 1-1.5 m. The stem is hollow, green with strong odor. It is native to Bangladesh as well as Indian sub-continent, East African area and some Oceanic islands. In Bangladesh it grows everywhere and planted as an ornamental plant.

Leaves are simple, alternate, ovate, glabrous, 7-15 cm long and 5 cm wide, apex acute. Petiole 5-7 cm long. Fragrant flowers are solitary, single or double, large, greenish-white, funnel-shaped, bisexual, sepals 5, petals 5. Flower blooms mainly in summer.

Fruit is globose, pale green and spiny. The plant is propagated by seeds.

Common names: Dhatura, Dhutra, Thorn apple, Devil's trumpet, Cornucopia.

For thousands of years the poisonous herb has been used as an Ayurvedic medicinal plant. The flower and fruit contains many stimulating substances. Medicines made from it are used to cure neural and nervous diseases.

A variety of datura metel is…

Kulekhara or Talmakhna, Hygrophila auriculata

Kulekhara or Talmakhna (Hygrophila auriculata, family: Acanthaceae) is a stout and erect herb with straight and undivided stem. The plant is very popular as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh as well as Indian subcontinent.

Other names: Kulekkha, Kuiley-rekha.

Leaves are lanceolate, subsessile, acute at both ends with long whitish hairs, dense with straight and stout thorns that grow from each node. Outer leaves are longer than the inner ones. Both leaves and thorns remain in upward direction.

Flowers in axillary whorls. They are bright violet or bluish purple and red, sometimes whitish with soft and minor hair, corolla 2-lipped. Flower blooms in the winter.

Fruit a capsule, 4-8-seeded. Seeds are ovoid (not in the pic).

The plant is cooling and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism and diseases of genito-urinary tracts. Seeds are demulcent, diuretic and possibly tonic. Its root, leaves and seeds are used in gonorrhea, jaundice, rheumatic pain and urinary problem.

T…

Guloncho, Heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia

Guloncho or Heart-leaved moonseed (Tinospora cordifolia, family: Menispermaceae) is a deciduous creeper with hard and long stem, climbing other trees or fences. Bark on the stem is as thin as paper. Aerial roots come out of the stem when the plant grows older. The plant is found everywhere in Bangladesh except southern part. It is also native to South and Southeast Asia.

Common names: Heart-leaved moonseed, Guduchi, Giloy, Guloncho, Guroncho, Padma guloncho.

Leaves are simple, green, alternate, cordate, 6-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide.

Inflorescence, growing from the axil of leaflet branches, bears yellow flowers. Male and female flowers bloom separately. Sepals 6, arranged in two rows, petal 6, pistils 3.

Fruit is a drupe, brilliant red when ripe. This attractive fruit is inedible to human. What an extensive climber!
Tinospora cordifolia is used in weakness, tastelessness, rheumatism, sore, abnormal heartbeat, chronic fever, c…

Kath-badam, Bengal almond, Terminalia catappa

Kath-badam, Bengal almond (Terminalia catappa, family: Combretaceae) is a large deciduous tree with spreading horizontal branches. It is found in the tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

Common names: Katbadam, Deshi badam, Bengal almond, Indian almond, Tropical almond.

During winter the beautiful green leaves of terminalia catappa turn to red.

Leaves are simple, 15-25 cm long and 8-15 cm wide, obcordate, alternate or whorled.

Flowers appear in the summer.

Flowers are small, grey white, clustered on axillary or terminal spike. Flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence are male and those are on the lower part are bisexual.

Fruit is elliptical, 4-6 cm long, red when ripe.

The tree with nice canopy is planted in avenues and gardens as ornamental tree in Bangladesh.

Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Ghora-neem, China berry tree, Melia azedarach

Ghora-neem or China berry tree (Melia azedarach, family: Meliaceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree from the family of Neem (azadirachta indica). New shoots come out from mutilated bare trunk. This blackish barked tree is native to South and Southeast Asia and Australia. This short-living but fast growing tree abounds in Bangladesh, especially in the northern region.
Common names: Ghora-neem, Bokain, Moha-neem, China berry tree, White cedar, Cape lilac, Persian lilac
Flowers are small and lilac in color. Plethora of flowers bloom on axillary inflorescence. The number of sepals and petals in a flower is 5.

Fruit a drupe, globose, dry fruits are brown in color. Propagation of plant is caused by seeds.

Leaves are dark green, compound, ovate-lanceolate and serrate. Flowers are fragrant and bloom in the summer in Bangladesh.

It is a good herbal plant. Branch, leaf and bark are used as medicine to relieve tooth and gum pain. These are also useful for eye and ear diseases, face spots and lepro…

Dumur or Hairy fig, Ficus hispida

Dumur or Hairy fig (Ficus hispida, family: Moraceae) is a medium-sized tree from ficus genus with branches. The hairy-leaved tree is native to Bangladesh, as well as South and Southeast Asia and New Guinea, Australia and Andaman island. Figs are eaten as vegetables in Bangladesh and India.

Flowers remain inside fruit and cannot be seen from outside. Fruits called figs grow in cluster on branches. The ripe fruit is yellow. Its propagation is by seeds
Ovulate green leaves are hairy and rough. Leaf is 12-18 cm long and pedicel is 2-5 cm long.

Common names: Dumur, Kala dumur, Kak dumur, Devil fig, Hairy fig, Opposite-leaved fig-tree, Rough-leaved fig
Figs are used in stomach-ache and constipation. It is also used to cure different teeth diseases.

Ripe fruits are eaten by birds and seeds are spread with their droppings.

The plant grows in wilderness and fallow lands. It can be seen everywhere in Bangladesh. The species name 'hispida' derives from its hairy leaves.

Jarul, Giant crepe-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Jarul or Giant crepe-myrtle(Lagerstroemia speciosa, family: Lythraceae) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with upright branches and grey bark. It can get a height of 15-20 m. The tree is native to South & Southeast Asia. The water-loving plant is found around the wetlands areas in Bangladesh. Common names: Giant crape-myrtle, Pride of India.

Leaves are green, entire, elliptical or lanceolate, 10-20 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Bark color is grey.

Inflorescence raceme flowers are medium-sized, purple in color. Flower 5-7 cm across, have 5 petals with numerous stamens in the middle. It gives flower early in the summer.

The round to oval-shaped fruit is 2-3 cm in diametre. When mature it becomes very dry and splits in 6 pieces. Propagation of the plant is caused by seeds.

Parrot loves its fruits very much!
The leaf and bark of lagerstroemia speciosa are laxative stimulant. The decoction made from these can prevent fever. The plant is water tolerating, so it is suitable for marshy areas a…

Shimul or Red silk-cotton, Bombax ceiba

Shimul or Red silk-cotton(Bombax ceiba, family: Malvaceae) is one of the most common trees that found in Bangladesh. This deciduous straight tall tree with thorny trunk and spreading crown is also found in tropical regions of Asia. In Bangladesh, the tree is planted in parks and on highways and beside national monuments for its gorgeous fire-red flowers. It can reach a height up to 60 m.

Common names: Shimul, Red silk-cotton, Red cotton tree.
Leaves are large, spreading, glabrous, digitate, leaflets lanceolate, entire, 10-15 cm long; petiole is up to 20 cm long. It blooms in spring (March-April).

Flowers red, numerous, appearing when the tree is bare of leaves, stamens numerous arranged in five outer bundles and one middle bundle.

Fruit capsules, woody valves. 10-13 cm in length. Seeds smooth, black or grey embedded in long white wool.
Oh! the flame of the forest!
Young plant is used in dysentery, cough, plethora, malnutrition and sexual diseases. Wood is soft and used to make match box…

Telakucha or Ivy gourd, coccinia grandis

Telakucha orIvy gourd(coccinia grandis, family: Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial creeper with soft stem and fleshy leaves. It is found in different parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Fruits are very attractive but inedible to human.
Common names: Telakucha, Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd

The creeper is propagated by cutting.

Flowers are pure white, funnel-shaped, sepals 5, petals 5. A blooming flower is 5 cm across. Flower blooms mostly in summer to rainy season.
Its flower, almost looks like Bottle gourd flower
Little gourd or Telakucha vine usually seen on ground as a trailer but with its tendril it can climb up high of a tree or a pole.

Fruits look like almost Bottle gourd but much smaller in size. The green fruits also resemble Pointed gourd at a glance.

Leaves are dark green, glaucous, glabrous, petioled and crisped; 8-10 cm long and 3-8 cm wide. Single leaves are usually associated with five lobes, but some…

Bot or Banyan, Ficus benghalensis

Bot or Banyan (Ficus benghalensis, family: Moraceae) is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native to the Great Bengal area (both Bangladesh and West Bengal of India) of Indian subcontinent.

Fruits are round fig. When ripe these turn to vivid red or orange. Fruits are eaten by the Common crow, Indian myna, Green dove, Oriole etc. These birds help the propagation of this tree.
The picture is taken from the premise of Bangla Academy, Dhaka University area
Aerial prop roots of the plant

Bot or Banyan tree is the national tree of India. In this sub-continent few Banyan trees are familiar to all. In Andhra Pradesh a Banyan tree has been identified as about 550 years old. It bears 3000 aerial prop roots and stand up on 2000 feet of land. In Shibpur Botanical Garden, Kolkata, proudly cherish a 200 years old Banyan tree. In Bangladesh (Mallikpur, Jhinaidah) a ancient Banyan tree has been …